You probably think of bananas when you picture monkeys, but in reality, their diets are much more diverse. Monkeys are omnivores, eating a variety of plant species like fruits, nuts and leaves as well as meat, insects, bird eggs and even lizards. Some species are frugivores (fruit-eaters) while others, like colobus monkeys, are leaf eaters.
In the wild, monkeys often smell or taste plants to determine whether they are safe to eat or not. They also learn to recognize poisonous plants from their family and troop members.
Monkeys are incredibly versatile and have developed tools to obtain hard-to-acquire foods. For example, capuchin monkeys will use their incisors to dig out buried seeds from plant stems, or they may use a probe tool to expel insect larvae from trees’ bark or roots. Some monkeys, such as gelada monkeys, will even chew on bones to get the nutrient calcium they need.
Most monkeys live in social groups called troops. Troops typically consist of several females with their young and either a single male (as in hamadryas baboons, mandrills, most guenons and langurs) or multiple males (as in savannah baboons and macaques). Most monkeys are highly intelligent animals. They can problem solve, and when one monkey discovers a new food or technique, it quickly spreads to the entire troop.
Monkeys are found all over the world in rainforests, savannas, mountains and islands. Sadly, their habitats are being destroyed by humans, and they face threats including climate change, human-introduced diseases, hunting for bushmeat, and the pet trade.