Monkey is any of over 250 species of simian primates, in the biological order Similformes. They are classified informally as either New World monkeys or Old World monkeys and apes, with New World monkeys found in Mexico, Central America, and South America, and Old World monkeys in Africa, central Asia, Japan, and India. They are the most commonly studied nonhuman primates and were instrumental in a number of important medical advances, including the development of the polio vaccine, life support systems for premature babies, and deep brain stimulation to treat Parkinson’s disease.
Most monkeys are good at solving problems and learning from experience, but they lack the level of cognitive abilities displayed by great apes. Some, such as capuchins and baboons, can use objects as tools, and many monkeys are skilled at picking through rotting fruit to find sweet bits to eat.
They also work together in groups when hunting for food. A leader of the group gathers food, while other members stand guard. They communicate with each other through a series of gestures and noises, such as grunting, barking, and thumping the ground with their feet. They are also able to use their tongues to signal sexual interest by flicking them up and down.
Like humans, monkeys feel love, fear, compassion, and hate. They are able to hold grudges and judgements too, so it is important to be aware of this when dealing with them. Monkeys can have serious mental health issues too, just as humans do. In captivity, monkeys can thrive if they are given a happy loving home with lots of opportunities to socialize and challenge themselves.